Measles: What You Need to Know

Measles is one of the most contagious viruses known, with approximately 90% of unvaccinated individuals developing illness after exposure. Although measles was declared eliminated in the United States in 2000, recent years have seen a troubling resurgence. From January to March 20, 2025, multiple states - including Alaska, Florida, Georgia, Kansas, Kentucky, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Texas, Vermont and Washington - have reported outbreaks. With 378 confirmed cases and one child fatality. Cases have also emerged in communities with lower vaccination rates, increasing the risk of broader spread.  

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) emphasizes the importance of timely immunization. Two doses of the Measles, Mumps and Rubella (MMR) vaccine provide approximately 97% protection against measles. Without vaccination, nine out of ten people exposed to the virus are likely to become infected. There is no antiviral treatment for measles, so prevention is critical.  

A Brief History of Measles 

Measles is one of the oldest known diseases, with documentation dating back to at least the 9th century. Before the development of the vaccine, nearly every child contracted measles, leading to widespread illness and thousands of deaths each year. The introduction of the measles vaccine in 1963 drastically reduced infections, and by 2000, the CDC declared the disease eliminated in the U.S. 

However, falling immunization rates in recent years have led to a resurgence. Globally, measles cases rose to 10.3 million in 2023, a 20% increase from the previous year. The re-emergence of measles serves as a reminder of how vital vaccines are in preventing outbreaks and protecting public health. 

Why Measles is a Serious Concern 

Measles is more than just a rash and fever. It can lead to severe complications, particularly in young children, pregnant individuals and people with weakened immune systems. Potential complications include: 

• Ear infections  
• Diarrhea  
• Pneumonia  
• Encephalitis (brain swelling), which can cause lifelong disability or death  

The virus spreads through respiratory droplets when an infected person coughs or sneezes. Symptoms typically appear 7 to 14 days after exposure and may include: 

• High fever 
• Cough 
• Runny nose 
• Red, watery eyes 
• Small bluish-white lesions on a red base inside the mouth 
• Rash that starts on the face and spreads downward (immunocompromised individuals may not develop a rash) 

Measles is highly contagious. According to the CDC, you can contract measles just by entering a room where an infected person has been, even up to two hours after they have left.  

Prevention: The Power of Vaccination 

The best defense against measles is the MMR vaccine. After two doses, the vaccine is about 97% effective in preventing infection. Despite this, vaccination rates have declined in some regions, increasing the potential for outbreaks. 

We encourage all residents to verify their vaccination status. If you're unsure whether you've received the MMR vaccine, talk to your healthcare provider. Getting an additional dose is safe for most people and can help reinforce immunity. 

Is The MMR Vaccine Safe? 

Yes. The MMR vaccine is safe and well-studied. There is no credible evidence that vaccines, including the MMR vaccine, are linked to autism, asthma or autoimmune disorders. Receiving multiple vaccines at once does not overwhelm a healthy child’s or adult’s immune system. 

Staying on schedule with vaccinations ensures early protection. Many vaccine-preventable diseases pose greater risks to young children and infants, and there’s no way to predict who may experience a severe case. 

How You Can Help Protect Yourself and Our Community 

1. Check Your Vaccination Status – Make sure you and your family members are up to date. Gunnison Valley Health’s Family Medicine Clinic has three convenient locations in Gunnison and Crested Butte to help you stay protected. 
2. Stay Informed – Monitor local and regional health updates, especially if you are traveling. 
3. Practice Good Hygiene – Regular handwashing, avoiding close contact with sick individuals, and covering your mouth when coughing or sneezing are effective ways to prevent the spread of illness.  

What to Do If You Suspect Measles 

If you or a family member develop symptoms consistent with measles - especially high fever and rash - seek medical care immediately by calling ahead before going to the Emergency Room to minimize the risk of exposing others. Wearing a mask can help reduce the spread of infectious droplets and protect healthcare workers and other patients. 

Protecting Gunnison County Together 

Preventing measles is a shared responsibility. High vaccination rates not only protect individuals but also safeguard vulnerable populations who cannot be vaccinated due to medical conditions. Community-wide immunity is essential to keeping everyone safe. 

At Gunnison Valley Health, we are committed to keeping our community healthy, informed and protected. We take public health threats seriously and strive to provide access to trusted information, preventative care and convenient vaccination services. 

If you have questions about measles or immunizations, contact your healthcare provider for support. Together, we can protect the Gunnison Valley from preventable diseases likeslike measles and continue building a healthier future for everyone.